![]() The law did not apply to maritime regulations, but were the basis for following ordinances, such as the Marine Ordinance of Trani, which stated that a "finder" was to be rewarded, whether the owner claimed the goods or not. The law of salvage has its origins in the Roman practice of negotiorum gestio, which dictated that one who preserved or improved upon the property of another was owed compensation from the owner, even if the service was not requested by the latter. In terms of compensation, it is seen as being awarded to anyone who voluntarily assisted in the recuperation of the wreck, whether it be saved from upcoming danger, or from loss. It is considered a voluntary service rendered in cases such as danger to the wreck, or the surrounding navigable waters. The term "salvage" is used to indicate a salvage operation, as well as the subsequent awarded compensation. Generally, a ship is defined as "abandoned" if there is no hope of recovery, known legally as sine spe recuperandi (which is the Latin phrase for "without hope of recovery"), and this fact must be clearly proven by the salvaging party. This affects wrecks by limiting that which is considered "abandoned". In these parameters, abandonment of the ship by its passengers constitutes a loss of possession, but to abandon the claim on the title itself, intention to relinquish it is required. There is also a distinction to be made between the ownership of the hull itself and the cargo it contains, as the hull may be abandoned intentionally, whereas the cargo may be out of necessity (in the case of an emergency or the need to shed weight from the vessel). It may be acquired through various means that range from succession to confiscation. Ownership of a wreck is a highly controversial issue, as there are no clear lines within which it is defined. For example, a distinction is made between goods that wash ashore and those that are for some reason not salvageable and/or lost at sea. In maritime law, different meanings are attributed to the terms, based on jurisdiction as well as context. Any archaeological activity, such as excavation, may also be considered invasive and tampering. It can also be affected by cultural processes, that is, by human interactions, such as adding or removing materials from the site of the wreck. A site can be affected by physical processes, that is, naturally occurring processes, such as the corrosion caused by salinity and ocean currents, or the growth of native and foreign marine organisms. There are a number of factors that contribute to the formation of a shipwreck, which can be divided into physical and cultural processes. This also encompasses the narrower definition of salvage, that is, property that has been recovered from a wreckage, or the recovery of the ship itself ![]() The term encompasses the hull of the vessel and its fixtures as well as any other form of object on board, such as cargo and stores, and personal effects of the crew and passengers. Overview Ī wreck is categorized as property belonging to no apparent owner that either sinks to the seabed or floats on the surface of the water, whether it be intentionally cast overboard or as the result of an accident. A shipwreck is defined as the remains of a ship that has been wrecked-a destroyed ship at sea, whether it has sunk or is floating on the surface of the water. The words have specific nautical meanings, with legal consequences in the law of admiralty and marine salvage. In maritime law, flotsam, jetsam, lagan, and derelict are specific kinds of shipwreck. Flotsam on a beach at Terschelling, Wadden Sea
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